384 BOTANY OF CROP PLANTS 



Production of Apples in the United States.^ — In 191 5 there 

 were produced 230,010,000 bushels of apples in this country, 

 at an average farm price per bushel of 74.6 cents. The ten 

 leading States in the order of their production were New York, 

 Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinqis, Virginia, Kentucky, 

 Indiana, Iowa and Michigan. 



PYRUS (Pear) 

 The characters of this genus are very similar to those of 

 Malus. The pears are trees or shrubs with simple leaves, 

 and large flowers in terminal cymes, resembling those of the 



Fig. 160. — A group of stone cells and surrounding parenchyma cells from the 

 flesh of pear (Pyrus communis). Highly magnified. 



apple; the styles are usually free to the base. The fruit is 

 a pome, varying in shape, with five carpels, two seeds in each 

 cavity, and an abundance of grit cells in the flesh (Fig. 160). 



The two most common species of Pyrus are Pyrus communis, 

 the common pear, and Pyrus serotina culta, sand, Japanese, 

 or Chinese pear. 



In the common pear, the teeth on the leaves are obtuse, the 

 flowers appear with the leaves, and the calyx is persistent, 

 while in the Japanese or Chinese pear, the teeth on the leaves 

 are sharp-pointed or bristle-like, the flowers appear before 

 the leaves, and the calyx is deciduous. 



