Division of Horticulture. 



Samuel T. Matnaud. 



Another season has demonstrated how dependent we are for profit- 

 able crops upon the absence of fungous diseases and injurious insects, 

 and the necessity of safe and easily applied remedies. The apple 

 crop though small would have been a very valuable one in Mas.-achu- 

 setts but for the ravages of the codling moth and the appple scab, 

 which have rendered thousands of barrels worthless. The pear crop 

 has been seriously injured by the codling moth and pear or ap[)le 

 scab. The plum crop was almost a total failure on account of 

 the ravages of the plum curculio and the black wart. 



The grape crop, although on the whole oue of the best ever har- 

 vested in New England, was in many sections seriously injured by 

 the grape rot which injured the fruit, and the mildew which destroyed 

 the foliage or so injured it as to retard ripening. 



It is the belief of many practical fruit growers and market garden- 

 ers that from one-third to one-half of the entire products of the 

 orchards and gardens of the state are destroyed by insects and fun- 

 gous diseases. 



During the season of 1889 experiments were carried on with fun- 

 gicides and insecticides, the results of which were reported in Bulletin 

 No. 7. Again the past season more extensive tests have been made 

 which have given more marked results than those of 18S9. 



FUNGICIDES AND INSECTICIDES ON THE 

 APPLE, PEAR AND PLUM. 



For the past three seasons the apple scab (Fusicladium dendriti- 

 cum) and the codling moth have rendered the small crop of apples 

 in most parts of New England almost a total failure. The remedies 

 suggested for the first, that of solutions of copper ,have been favora- 

 bly reported upon in various sections of the country, while after the 

 use of many suggested remedies it has become the general opinion 

 among fruit growers that we must depend upon arsenical poisons to 



