30 



Each female lays about fifty eggs which are minute, flattened, 

 scale-like bodies of a yellowish color. In about a week the eggs 

 hatch and the tiny caterpillar begins to eat through the apple to the 

 core, Fig. 24, a, pushing its castings out through the hole where it 

 entered. Fig. 24, b. Often-times these are in sight on the outside in 

 a dark colored mass, thus making wormy apples plainly seen at quite 

 a distance. 



The caterpillar is about two-fifths of an inch in length, of a glossy, 

 pale yellowish white color, with a light brown head. The skin is 

 transparent and the internal organs give to it a reddish tinge. 



When mature the caterpillars. Fig. 24, e, top of head and second 

 segment, h, emerge from the apples and seek some sheltered place, 

 such as crevices of bark, or corners of the boxes or barrels in which 

 the fruit is stored, where they spin a tough whitish cocoon. Fig. 24, 

 I, in which they remain unchanged all winter, and transform to pupae. 

 Fig. 24, d, the next spring, the perfect moths emerging in time to lay 

 their eggs in the new crop of apples. 



One good remedy is to gather all the fallen apples, and feed them 

 to hogs ; another is to let swine and sheep run in the orchard, and 

 eat the infested fruit. 



It has been recommended to place bands of cloth or hay around 

 the trunks of the trees for the caterpillars to spin their cocoons 

 beneath, and to remove them at the proper time, and put them in 

 scalding water to destroy the worms. 



By far the most successful method as yet adopted is to shower the 

 apple trees with Paris green in water, one pound to one hundred 

 and fifty gallons of water, when the apples are about the size of 

 peas, and again in about a week. 



THE CABBAGE LEAF-MINER. t 



Plutella cruciferarum Zell. 



The cabbnge leaf-miner is not a native of this country, but was 

 imported from Europe. 



The perfect moth, Fig. 25, /, with the wings expanded, (h, with 

 the wings closed, g, a dark variety,) measures three quarters of an 

 inch. The fore wings are ashy gray, and on the hinder margin is a 

 white or yellowish white stripe having three points extending into the 

 gray, thus forming, when the wings are closed, three diamond 

 shaped white spots. Generally there is a dark brown stripe between 

 the white and the gray. There are also black dots scattered about 

 on the anterior part of these wings. 



