12 



The fungicides used were Bordeaux Mixture ; Formula^ 6 lbs. of 

 sulphate of copper (Blue Vitrioh dissolved* in about 3 gallons of 

 water, and 4 lbs. caustic lime slaked in water enough to make a thin 

 lime wash. When cool the two substances were thoroughly mixed 

 and diluted with water to 25 and 50 gallons of liquid. 



Ammoniacal Carbonate of Copper ; Formula, 6 oz. carbonate 

 of ammonia and 1 oz. of carbonate of copper; 1 U). of this mixture 

 being dissolved in 25 and 50 gallons of water. 



Sulphate of Copper, (Blue Vitriol), 1 lb. dissolved in 25 gallons 

 of water. 



Sulphate of Iron, (Copperas). 1 lb. to 2 gallons of watei*. 



The only insecticide used was Paris green, this being found less 

 injurious to the foliage than any other arsenite. 



EXPERIMENTS MADE ON THE COLLEGE GROUNDS. 



During the past season, numerous experiments have been made to 

 test the value of some of the more common fungicides and the 

 combined use of fungicides and insecticides. Attention has been 

 given principally to the apple scab, pear leaf blight, plum leaf blight, 

 peach and plum fruit rot, plum black'knot, grape powdery mildew 

 and black rot, and the tent caterpillar, codling moth, and plum curculio. 



The life history of the above fungi is briefly as follows : 



APPLE SCAB. {Fusidadium dendriticum.) 



This is a small parasitic plant everywhere causing the spotted 

 apples so common in the crop of 1890. It is of a dark green or 

 nearly black color and grows only in moist rather cool weather on 

 the skin of the apple, not often penetrating much of the tissue below. 

 When it attacks the apple early in the season the growth is stopped 

 at that point and the fruit is gnarly or irregular, but when it comes 

 after the fruit is nearly grown, it simply disfigures it. It is also 

 very abundant on the leaves and twigs when the season is favorable 

 to its growth. It sometimes also attacks the pear. 



THE PEAR LEAF BLIGHT, {Entomosporium maculatum.) 

 Pear trees often lose their leaves in Julv or Auoust and the fruit 



* Blue Vitriol may be dissolved very quickly by suspeudiug the crystals in a coarse sack 

 or basket, in a pail or cask of vrater. 



