138 



The moth, fig. 3, much enlarged, has an expanse of wings of nearly 

 half an inch, and is dark asliy gray tinged with brownish, and has 

 oblique bands of a lighter color across the fore wings ; while the hind 

 wings are of a uniform dark smoky brown color. 



On May 20th, 1891, some vine worms were received from Yar- 

 mouth Farms, and placed on growing cranberry vines in the Insec- 

 tary. They led until May 25th, when they changed to pupae, most 

 of them in the sand, but one spun a white silken cocoon between the 

 leaves on the plant, and changed to a pupa within it. After remaining 

 in the pupal state seven or eight days, the moths emerged, and, after 

 pairing, the females laid their eggs on the under side of the leaves. 

 These eggs remain on the leaves during the winter and hatch in the 

 spring. 



Capt. N. B. Burgess of Yarmouth Farms, one of the most intelli- 

 gent cranberry growers of Cape Cod, and to whom I am much 

 indebted for numerous courtesies and great assistance in my studies 

 on these insects, has constructed insect cages in which he has for 

 several years kept cranberry plants growing, and has bred the vine 

 worm, fruit worm and tip worm. By this means he has been able, 

 in a comparatively short time, to learn the life history and habits of 

 these insects in a very practical wa}'. 



Capt. Burgess informed me that the eggs of the vine worm, which 

 were laid in the fall of 1890, hatched in his observation cages from 

 April 23rd to May 1st, 1891 ; that the pupae were discovered in his 

 cages and also on the bog June 1st, and from that time up to the 

 10th, when the moths first appeared ; and eggs were discovered June 

 16th. The hatching of the eggs in the spring is retarded by the late 

 holding of water ; and, as the vines on one part of the bog may be 

 out of water while other parts are submerged, the eggs will accord- 

 ingly hatch at different times. 



REMEDIES. 



The cheapest and most effectual remedy for the vine worm is 

 undoubtedly to reflow the bog after the eggs hatch ; but, where this 

 cannot be done, it is necessary to use insecticides. Mr. Makepeace, 

 however, does not favor rellowing, as he thinks this injures the 

 keeping qualities of the berries, and he therefore uses tobacco as an 

 insecticide, even on bogs which he could reflow if he chose to do so. 



