INDIA 



177 



of the Deccan. The features of the present blacks in India, and the characters which the 

 Dravidian and Australian languages have in common, tend to assimilate them. The existence 

 of the boomerang in the two countries helps to support this view. We would ask the reader 

 to judge for himself whether the remarkable photograph of a female Vedda on page 173 does 

 not show quite a striking resemblance to those of Australian women in Chapter III. 



The second general census of India, taken in 1891, gave a population of over 287,000,000; 

 or, including the French and Portuguese settlements, of over 289,000,000. This figure is about 

 equal to one-fifth of the world's entire population! Since the census of 1881 there has been 

 an increase of 28,000,000, which nearly equals the entire population of England and Wales. 

 And yet the rate of increase is only about 10 per cent. As above stated, the population has 

 increased under English rule, as might have been expected, but the apprehensions expressed by 

 newspaper writers at home do not appear to be shared by some experts. 



The Kolarians, or Kols (e.g. Santhals, Kurkus, Bhils, etc.), appear to be the oldest race 

 in the peninsula, but it is not known whether they were really the true aborigines. They 

 came first, however, and after them the Dravidians arrived. Both are in an exceedingly low 

 state of culture. It is perhaps undesirable to separate them in this way, for anthropologists 

 now consider the Kols to be Dravidian. They were only separated by the linguists, who are 

 inclined to attach too much importance to language. The anthropologist rightly judges by the 

 physical type shape of the skull, etc. However, for the sake of convenience, we now give 

 a brief abstract of the scheme of classification given by Professor Keane in his " Asia," Vol. II. 

 in Stanford's " Compendium of Travel and Geography." The divisions of the Kolarians and the 

 Tibeto-Burmans are chiefly of a tribal character; those of the Dravidians and all the Hindus 

 are based on languages : 





I. HINDUS (Aryan mixed stock), classified 

 by languages. Kashmiri, 2*; Pun- 

 jabi (Sikh, Jat, etc.), 17; Sindi, 2; 

 Gujarat! and Kachi, 10; Marathi and 

 Konkani, 19; Hindi and Urdu (North- 

 West Provinces, Kajputana, and Upper 

 Bengal), 100; Bengali, 41; Uriya, 9; 

 Assamese, li; Nepali, 2. 

 II. DRAVIDIANS (classified by languages). 

 Telugu, 20; Tamil, 16; Kanarese, 9; 

 Malaya] im, 5; Tula, 9; Kodagu, 

 about %; Oraon, about f; Kajmahal, 

 about 3^; Khondi, about J; Gondi, H; 

 Toda, only about 750 persons; Kota, 

 about 1,000 persons; (?) Singhalese, If; 

 (?) Vedda, supposed to number about 

 3,000 persons. 



III. KOLARIANS (classified by tribes). 



San thai, If; Munda, f; Kharia, Mal- 

 Paharia, Juang, Gadaba, Korwa, Kurku, 

 Mehto, Savara, and Bhil, altogether 

 about 2. 



IV. TIBETO-BURMANS (Mongol stock), classi- 



fied by tribes. Ladakhi, Champa, 

 etc., TV, Garhwali, etc., , (?); Magar, 

 Sarpa, etc, |; Lepcha, etc., J, T (?); 



The figures denote millions (approximately). To save space we are obliged to omit the geographical 

 distributions, but the names themselves in some cases will give a clue. 



Photo by Doctors Paul and Fritz Sarasin, Basle. 

 A VEDDA MAN (FULL-PACE). 



