2l6 



THE LIVING RACES OF MANKIND 



territories of Kafiristan, Gilgit, Chitral, Swat, and Cbilas, hitlierto supposed to owe allegiance to 

 the Afghans. But all except Kafiristan, which the Afghans have now occupied, have come under 

 British rule. Very little was known of Kafiristan ("Land of the Infidel") hefore Mr. (now Sir) 

 G. T. Eobertson's expedition of 1889-90, and his journeys were in the eastern and central parts 

 only; but he has collected valuable information. In his opinion the people appear to be mainly 

 derived from the old Indian population of Eastern Afghanistan, who, rejecting Islam, took refuge 

 in the almost inaccessible mountain valleys of the Hindu-Kush, and mixed more or less with 

 the dark aborigines, who are still represented by the Presuns, Arams, and others, while they 

 themselves have received the name Siah-Posh, or "black-clad," on account of the dark colour of 

 their clothing. The two types are still clearly to be discerned: the one (Aryan) with high and 

 regular features; the other coarse, flat-nosed, and with hair nearly down to the eyebrows. The 

 Siah-Posh are a brave and intelligent people, living under a tribal system. 



The inhabitants of Baluchistan, often called Baluchis, are decidedly different from Pathaus, 

 both in character and in appearance. They are brave and chivalrous, essentially wanderers, 

 not very energetic, and always needy and hungry. Though less democratic in their ideas than 

 the Pathaus, they are even fonder of their personal liberty. The ruling race, however, in 

 Baluchistan are not the Baluchis, but the Brahuis, who were in the country before them, and 

 are more numerous. The affinities of the Brahuis have not yet been determined. They 

 inhabit the eastern highlands, while the Baluchis dwell mainly in the lowlands. The latter 

 have migrated into the Punjab; hence we were able to obtain the excellent photographs of a 

 group of them by Mr. Fred. Bremner, of Quetta. Both races are Mohammedans, the Brahuis 

 being Sunnis and the Baluchis Shiahs, like their Persian kinsmen. 



Photo by Fred. Bremner] 



[Quetta. 



CHIEFS OP BALUCHISTAN. 



