SIBERIA 



223 



Of Mongolian stock are the Kalmuks, including Zungars, etc., all Buddhists, numbering 

 about 20,000; the Buriats (eastern and western branches) about 250,000 in number. 



Of Manchu stock are the Tuuguses, including Lamuts, Oroches, Golds, Dungans, etc., 

 about 80,000. 



Of Finnic stock are Samoyedes, including Soyots, and others, about 35,000; Ugriaus, including 

 Ostiaks, 25,000; and Voguls, 4,500; and, lastly, mixed Fiuno-Tartars, to the number of 5,000. 



Of Turki stock are Yakuts, Red and Black Tartars, etc., about 280,000. 



By permission of the Royal (reoffrajt/ticai Socitty. 



DUNGANS OF KULJA. 



Finally (leaving out Russians, Chinese, Manchus, Koreans, and Japanese), we have some 

 unclassified races, such as Koriaks, Chukchis, Kamchadales, Giliaks, and Eskimo. 



Kalmuks are found in Eastern Turkestan (the Tarim Basin) as well as in Siberia. They are 

 Buddhists by religion; Lamas are their priests. At the yearly festival, held at a place called 

 Job, the bones of defunct Lamas, brought from all quarters, are boiled in a huge cauldron. 

 On this occasion (according to the testimony of the late Sir T. D. Fraser's " Report on the 

 Indian Government Mission to Yarkand ") two or three aged Lamas always sacrifice themselves 

 by jumping into the boiling liquor. At the conclusion of the festival the liquor is distributed 

 among the attendant Lamas, who fill copper vessels, which they afterwards carry about 

 suspended from their girdles. On returning home, they distribute the liquor to other Lamas, 



