228 



THE LIVING RACES OF MANKIND 



By permission of the Royal Geographical Socie/y. 



WOMEN OF TURKESTAN. 



Kanin Peninsula, one of the most northerly points of Russia in Europe. They are usually 

 represented as dwelling wholly on lands abutting on the Arctic Ocean; but the eastern branch, 

 that found near the upper waters of the Khatanga River, does not appear to have quite reached 

 the coast. Though only a dwindling remnant of a race, some of their natural qualities, 

 as well as the conditions under which they are developed, render the Samoyedes an interesting 

 people. In physiognomy they are strongly Mongolian; the expression is pleasant, though 

 rather sad. We are indebted for the accompanying photographs to Dr. J. Szombathy, of 

 Vienna, who took the pictures himself, and who has written an important paper on these 

 people (Anthrop. Soc., Vienna). Their average height is above that of the Laplanders, and 

 their limbs are better proportioned. 



Tlie name Samoyedes has been given them by the Russians. They call themselves 

 Hasovo, which is equivalent to "men," and also Nyenech, with the same meaning. Their 

 immediate neighbours, the Ostiaks, call them Yergan-yach; the Vognls have another name for 

 them. Their riches consist of reindeer, which pasture on the mosses of the tundras, or vast 

 marshes, scraping off the snow with their feet. When alive, the reindeer draws the Samoyede's 

 sledge, and after death its flesh is eaten and its skin is used for making tents and clothing. 

 Almost every part of the animal is used in some way. 



In winter the men wear short trousers of reindeer-skin, coming down to the knees. 

 Their stockings are made of the skin of young fawns, with the hair worn inside. Then come 



