IRELAND 



499 



Leinster, and parts of Munster; but as their introduction is comparatively recent in the history 

 of nations, and confined to particular localities, they may for the purposes of ethnological 

 classification be left out. The typical Irishman is a Celt, and possesses in a marked degree 

 the physical and mental qualities of that race. Food, climate, and changed conditions of life 

 account for the modifications of the racial character, wherever they are found. Many of the 

 Irish of the present day have the red or yellow hair and tall stature which characterised 

 the Celt in ancient times. The black hair seen especially in Western Ireland is generally 

 xplained by the persistence of Neolithic blood in the people, who have doubtless absorbed the 

 pre-existing race. Dr. Brown sums up the average physical characteristics of the Celts. They 

 are, he says, rather broad-headed, of great cranial capacity, middle-sized, generally vigorous 

 in constitution, and rather short-sighted, large-chinned, round-faced, with great naso-frontal 

 depression, fresh-coloured complexion, neck rather short, shoulders and chest broad, auburn 

 hair, and eyes with grey iris though these typical eyes are not often seen and with a dry, 

 nervous temperament. Many of these attributes are seen in the Irish. 



As a race the people are noted for their lively imagination, enthusiasm, and quickness 

 of intellect. They are warm-hearted, and easily roused to anger, but as easily pacified. Their 

 worst enemies cannot deny their conspicuous valour on the battle-field. They are wanting in 

 the capacity for patient effort and the steady determination of the Teutonic nations. Their 

 mental qualities make rather for individuality of character than for national greatness. Ireland 

 has had her full share in producing men of mark and distinction in all branches of public 

 life. The question of the capacity of the Irish for self-government has divided English 

 political parties of recent years. It is claimed, on the one hand, that they are incapable of 

 sinking private differences in the common cause. On the other, it is urged that the national 

 .sentiment is strong enough to counteract this defect. 



The Irish, like the Scottish Celts and, we might add, in a lesser degree the Welsh 



Plioto bij Valentine & tions. Ltd.} 



IN A SHETLAND CROFTER'S HOME. 



[Dundee. 



