536 



THE LIVING RACES OF MANKIND 



forming a curved line which reaches as far north as lat. 60 in the middle of its course, 

 while farther west it falls as low as 50. Along the western coast may be traced a few 

 outliers of Athabascans, which appear to indicate the line of migration followed by this 

 people as they extended into Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, where they were formerly found 

 in considerable numbers. So different are the predatory southern tribes, such as the Apaches, 

 Navajos, and Lipans, from their northern kinsmen, the Kuchins, Chippewyans, Hare Indians, 

 etc., that, were it not for their common speech, they would scarcely be recognised as members 

 of the same stock. The northern tribes live a nomad life, protected by the Government of 

 Canada, many of them acting as trappers and hunters for the Hudson Bay Company. Their 

 numbers are estimated at only about 10,000, whereas the southern tribes, who now live in 

 special reserves, were reckoned some years ago at 23,000. Mr. F. W. Hodge, who has specially 

 studied the Apaches and Navajos, states that the latter still retain traditions of their arrival 

 from the north in their present home, which probably took place before the close of the 

 fourteenth century, at which epoch the Apaches were already settled in Xew Mexico. It was 

 not, however, till about three centuries later that they became sufficiently powerful to harass 

 their Pueblo neighbours. 



Even larger than the Athabascan territory is the area originally inhabited by the great 

 Algonquiau (or Alkonkin) stock, which included that portion of Labrador not occupied by 

 the Eskimo, and thence stretched westward across the continent south of the Athabascan 

 boundary to the Rockies. To the southward their distribution narrowed so as to form a 

 truncated triangle, bounded on the west by the Mississippi and to the east by the Altantic 

 sea-board; Southern Tennessee on the former side, and Cape Ilatteras, in North Carolina, on 



Photo by Mr. )!'. l!a] 



AN INDIAN TENT IN WINTER, WITH SQUAW CARRYING ''PAPOOSE" (CHILD). 



