540 



THE LIVING RACES OF MANKIND 



heart of the continent, and 

 have more than once dared 

 to try the issue of .war with 

 the American Government 

 during the last fifty years. 

 The Asiniboins (People-who- 

 cook-with-stones), although 

 hostile to the Dakotas, are 

 included by Mr. McGee in 

 the same group with the latter. 

 Next come the Omahas (Up- 

 stream-people), with whom are 

 included the Osages; these 

 being followed by the lowas, 

 and these latter by the 

 Winnebagos. Following these 

 are the Mandans, who have 

 gained an evil reputation 

 through Catlin's account of 

 the atrocious cruelty of their 

 ceremonies; in 1804, accord- 

 ing to Lewis and Clark, this 

 tribe was reduced to three 

 villages in the Fort Berth old 

 reservation in North Dakota. 

 The Hidatsa are best known 

 by their near relatives the 

 Crows, now restricted to the 

 Crow reservation in Montana. 

 The above-mentioned Biloxi, 

 of the Gulf coast, have been 



transported from the original territory, and survive partly in Louisiana and partly in Indian 

 Territory, where they are mixed with Choctaws. 



Very brief mention must be made of the Shoshonean (Snake) stock, which includes the 

 well-known Pawnees, who in Catlin's time formed a powerful and warlike tribe numbering 

 some 10,000 or 12,000, and living on the Platte River about 100 miles from its junction with 

 the Missouri. The Kiawa tribe dwelt more to the south-west, on the flanks of the Bookies. 

 To the same stock belong the Comanche and Uta tribes, rude nomad peoples, formerly 

 inhabiting the states of Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and thence southwards to Utah, California, 

 and Texas. Possibly it was Shoshonean hordes who, about the sixth century of our era, 

 overthrew the comparatively civilised tribes of the Mexican Plateau. 



Lastly, we have the Muskhogean stock, whose typical representatives the Muskhogis are 

 better known as Creeks; this name being derived from the numerous inlets penetrating 

 their territory on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. This stock also included the Chicasas and 

 Choctaws (properly Chatas = Flat Heads), who formerly populated most of the country on the 

 Mississippi nearly to its confluence with the Ohio. The Apalachis form another tribal division 

 of this stock. More distinct are the Seminoles (properly Isty-Semole; that is, Wild Men), who 

 occupied Florida, whence they expelled a now extinct tribe. 



Doubtless this enumeration, brief and imperfect as it necessarily is, of the leading divisions 

 and tribes of North American Indians will be found somewhat wearisome to the reader; 

 nevertheless, without this the subject could not properly be treated. We now proceed to the 

 more interesting subjects of the physical appearance, clothing, ornaments, food, occupations, 



Photo by Mr. W. Rau\ 



[Philadelphia, 



AN AGED INDIAN WOMAN. 



