150 CALENDAR AND INDEX. 



plant, and selected a full supply of the last summer shoots 

 at regular distances from each other, for bearers the coming 

 Bummer ; cut out the superabundant, with most of the last 

 year's bearers, and naked wood. Prune so that a young 

 shoot will terminate each branch, and shorten the reserved 

 shoots ; the smallest to three or four joints, and the strong 

 ones to ten or twelve. Fasten the vines to trellises as soon 

 as pruned, with list, or shreds of woollen cloth, arranging the 

 general branches from ten to twelve inches' distance, more 

 or less, according to the size of the vines and space allotted 

 for them to grow in. Preserve all strong shoots to make 

 cuttings with, to be planted next month, which will produce 

 vines fit to set out next year. See Observations on Training 

 and Pruning, page 21 ; also, article Grape Vine, 72 to 88. 



Prune Apple trees, 38; Cherry, 52; Pear, 112; Quince, 

 132; also, Currant bushes, 59; Gooseberry, 71; cutting out 

 all crowded branches, worn-out bearers, and decayed wood. 

 If not done in the autumn, plantations may be made this 

 month of all the above species. 



Cut out and destroy all the old stems of Raspberry shrubs, 

 reserving three or four of the strongest young shoots on each 

 stool ; shorten them at the top, and take away all others, 

 the strongest of which may be transplanted to form a new 

 bed. Lay the trailing varieties for propagation, 134. 



In transplanting trees, care should be taken that the col- 

 lar, or that part from which emanate the main roots, be not 

 inserted too deep in the soil, as this injures the bark, and, 

 consequently, impedes the natural circulation of the juices. 

 A medium sized tree may be planted one inch deeper than 

 it was in the nursery bed, and the largest should not exceed 

 two or three inches, 9, 93, 101 and 125. 



Plant cuttings and suckers of Gooseberries and Currants, 

 also, of such fruit trees as produce them, in order to raise 

 stocks to bud and graft upon ; fruit stones and kernels may 

 also be planted for the same purpose. 



Young trees, shrubs, and vines may be obtained at public 



