154 CALENDAR AND INDEX. 



Seedling, and Bishop's Orange, are in great repute where 

 cultivated. The old Scarlet, being one of the earliest, 

 should not be forgotten. The Wood and the Alpine Straw 

 berry will produce fine fruit from seed sown in the spring. 

 For names of other varieties, mode of planting, &c., see 

 article, page 136. 



If frost prevail when fruit trees are in blossom, those 

 trained on trellises, or against walls and fences, may be pro- 

 tected by hanging matting or sheets of tow cloth over them; 

 some defend them by sticking bunches of evergreens be- 

 tween the branches, as cedar, laurel, pine, &c. The object 

 in doing this, is not so much to keep out the frost, as to 

 break off the sun's rays in the morning after a. frosty night, 

 because the sudden transition from cold to heat does more 

 injury than the cold itself. 



Propagate Fig trees by layers, cuttings, suckers, and by 

 grafting, 62. 



If any webs or larvae of insects appear on the leaves of 

 fruit trees and vines, pluck off and destroy such leaves before 

 the insects become quickened, which may be a means of 

 preventing any depredation to the advancing leaves and 

 buds. The trees of Plum and other stone fruit are very apt 

 to gum and canker at this season of the year : in such cases 

 the defective parts should be pruned closely off, and whale 

 oil soap applied to the wound. A little soot also should 

 be rubbed on while wet. In large fruit gardens and or- 

 chards, means should be used to destroy insects by fumiga- 

 tion, washing, &c. For various remedies, see Observations 

 on Insects, and Diseases to which Fruit Trees are liable, 

 page 13; see, also, article page 30. 



Divest young budded and grafted trees of all shoots from 

 the stocks, below the bud or graft, as they appear ; also rub 

 off all useless buds in early-shooting wall trees, as Nectarine, 

 Apricots, &c., 48. 



To protect Gooseberries and other fruits from mildews 

 sprinkle the leaves with soap-suds ; and while they are wet, 



