630 ILLUSTRATIONS 



PAGE 



Fig. 203. Cover Crop of Red Clover, with Wild Grass 779 



Fig. 204. Buckwheat as a Cover Crop in a Young Pear Orchard 780 



Fig. 205. Young Apple Orchard Belonging to College of Agriculture, 



Ithaca, X. Y., with Dwarf Essex Rape as Cover Crop 782 



Fig. 206. Cover Crop of Red Clover in a Thirty-three- Year-Old Orchard.. 783 



Fig. 207. Canada Peas and Buckwheat 787 



Fig. 208. Mammoth Clover in October 788 



Fig. 209. Wheat and Cowhorn Turnips in a Young Vineyard .' . . . 789 



Fig. 210. Rye and Wint'er Vetch 790 



Fig. 211. Cow Peas Killed by an October Frost 792 



Fig. 212. Beans in a Young Orchard 797 



Fig. 213. View of Orchard Where Test was Carried on 804 



Fig. 214. Tillage vs. Sod Mulch 806 



Fig. 215. Tompkins County Kings Growing Under the Mulch System. . . . 808 



Fig. 216. Square Method of Planting 818 



Fig. 217. Method of Planting in Equilateral Triangles 818 



Fig. 218. Cherries Interplanted with Carrots 821 



Fig. 219. Low-headed, Well-shaped Apple Trees 822 



Fig. 220. A Well-kept Orchard 825 



Fig. 221. Spraying the Orchard 827 



Fig. 222. Apple Orchard in Blossom the Wrong Time to Spray 828 



Fig. 223. Baldwin Trees Fifteen Y r ears Old, and the Product of One Tree. 830 

 Fig. 224. Greening Tree Twenty-two Yrears Old, Headed Four Feet from 



the Ground 833 



Fig. 225. Low -headed Apple Tree 835 



Fig. 226. Greening Tree Improperly Pruned 836 



Fig. 227. High-headed Apple Tree, Sixty Yrears Old 837 



Fig. 228. Views of a Properly Made Cut 839 



Fig. 229. Improper and Proper Cuttings of Limb 840 



Fig. 230. Twig Infected with San Jose Scale 843 



Fig. 231. Common Scale Insects 844 



Fig. 232. Aphis Apples 845 



Fig. 233. Side-wormy Apples 847 



Fig. 234. Side-wormy Apples in Sections 349 



Fig. 235. Side Injury 850 



Fig. 236. Apples Injured by Green Fruit Worm 852 



Fig. 237. Work of Round-headed Apple Tree Borer 853 



Fig. 238. Half -grown Apples Badly Scabbed 857 



Fig. 239. Scab Spots on Apple Leaves 859 



Fig. 240. Black Rot Canker on Apple Limb 861 



Fig. 241. Apple Showing Stippin or Bitter Pit Spots 864 



Fig. 242. European Canker 866 



Fig. 243. Illinois Apple Tree Canker 868 



Fig. 244. Sooty Blotch 869 



Fig. 245. Flyspecked Type of Sooty Blotch 870 



Fig. 246. Van Alstyne Orchard Manner of Pruning at Transplanting.. 873 



Fig. 247. Tree on Doucin Stock Before and After Pruning 875 



Fig. 248. Defects of Trees on Doucin Stock 877 



Fig. 249. Root System of Apple Trees .879 



