TlIK XlKSKUY I.MHSTRY IX Xl-;\V YoK'K 651 



the cherries, peaches, and apples ou the lighter. Observant 

 nurserymen frequently find it advisable to grow certain varieties 

 of apples, such as Twenty Ounce, Williams Red, and Graveiistein, 

 on the lighter loams, while they would not hesitate to plant such 

 varieties as U. 1. Greening, Baldwin, and Mclntosh on heavy 

 loams. For the production of the best specimens, the different 

 varieties have their own requirements, 



Mazzard cherry seedlings are planted on the gravelly loams, 

 which must be well drained in order to give a good stand. The 

 Mahaleb cherry seedlings can be grown on heavier land. A very 

 slight excess of water will make the growing of the Mazzard cherry 

 a failure. There is perhaps no more fickle plant in the nursery 

 than this, which is undoubtedly one of the reasons why it is so 

 little grown. 



In New Jersey, where the nursery business has forged ahead 

 in the last fifteen years, the Cbllington sandy loam derived from 

 the green sandy marl common in Maryland and New Jersey has 

 proven particularly well adapted to nursery production, while 

 the principal soil used in the Huntsville area in Alabama is the 

 red limestone called Decatur clay. 



DISEASES ON CERTAIN SOILS 



Formerly the presence of a slight amount of hairy root on an 

 apple caused little comment, but today such trees are discarded. 

 Since this is much more prevalent on heavy loam soils, there is 

 a tendency to grow the apple on the lighter soils to avoid it. 

 The Clyde loam is an excellent soil for the production of most 

 types of nursery stock when well drained. It is land which pre- 

 viously grew elm trees; if allowed to stand, these will provide 

 sources of infection for wooly aphis one of the most serious 

 pests today in the apple nurseries of western New York. Con- 

 sequently, trees of this type must be removed some time previous 

 to the usage of the soil for nursery production, in order that the 

 whole may be cleared of this insect. 



Clyde loam, as well as many fields of Dunkirk loam and clay 

 loam, need thorough underdrainage before they can be profitably 

 used for the production of nursery stock. In some cases the 

 drains are placed thirty feet apart ; in others, forty feet ; and at a 



