746 THE FRUIT INDUSTRY ix NEW YORK STATE 



one S. Danforth, records the gathering of several varieties 

 among them the Long apples, Blacktoii's Tankerd, Kreton Pippin, 

 Long Red apples, Russetin, and Pearmains, indicating how wide- 

 spread apple cultivation had become. 



In 1641, a resident of Connecticut Colony, George Tenwick of 

 Saybrook, expresses his regret that his " good iiurserie of aples 

 haue been destroyed by wormes " ; and in 1656, John Mason of 

 the same town writes to a friend of exporting trees for planting. 

 Several of the oldest trees on record were found here and in 

 Massachusetts, and some of them even produced apples when near- 

 ing the second century mark. In Maine, apple orchards were said 

 to have been planted at a very early date, and the tradition is 

 borne out in the relics of Old Orchard Beach, where very ancient 

 trees still existed as late as 1770. 



Fragmentary though our information on the early history of the 

 apple must necessarily be, it gives us some idea of what its intro- 

 duction in the New World meant. 'The early settler had struggled 

 hard to found a new country, and many were the hardships he 

 endured. We need not wonder then that so little attention was 

 given to keeping the records of the less important industries, as 

 that of the apple must have been. 



INFLUENCE OF EARLY BOTANIC GARDENS 



The early introduction and dissemination of apples throughout 

 the country was materially aided through the establishment of 

 botanic gardens that were conducted by private individuals inter- 

 ested in the horticultural development of the Xew World. These 

 natural-born botanists constantly received productions from Eng- 

 land and Europe, and tested and disseminated mem to a wide ex- 

 tent in America. The Bartram Garden near Philadelphia was the 

 first of these and was begun in 1728 by John Bartram, a horticul- 

 turist well known to the distinguished botanists of Europe. In 

 1773, a second garden was established at West Bradford, Penn., 

 by Humphrey Marshall, and about the middle of the eighteenth 

 century, William Prince founded a third, the Linna^an Botanic 

 Garden at Flushing, Long Island. For several generations he and 

 his descendants conducted the most extensive nurseries in the 

 country, and much was accomplished through their enterprise. 



