774 THE FRUIT INDUSTRY IN NEW YORK STATE 



NORTHERN SPY SOILS 



The soil requirements of Northern Spy are more exacting than 

 with many other varieties and apparently are best supplied by a 

 medium loam underlain by a heavy or light clay loam that is, 

 a soil as heavy as can be selected without incurring the danger of 

 inferior drainage, for a poorly drained soil should never be used. 

 It should not be planted on a soil lighter than a very heavy fine 

 sandy loam underlain by a light, friable clay loam, or possibly a 

 heavy loam, and the soil should be deep. Good air drainage and 

 good elevation are also very essential with Northern Spy. 



On light sandy soils Spy usually has excellent color, but the 

 fruit tends to soften early. Not infrequently, on the Lake Plain 

 in Western New York, Spy is said to do well on sandy soils, but 

 in most cases of this kind a stratum of heavy soil is found within 

 three or four feet of the surface, which gives the soil a much 

 greater moisture-holding capacity than is possessed by a deep 

 sand. 



IIUBBARDSTON SOILS 



A rich, fine, sandy loam soil, with subsoil of similar texture, 

 excels for the Hubbardston. A subsoil containing enough clay to 

 make the fine sandy material somewhat coherent, or sticky, is not 

 objectionable; but there should never be enough clay present to 

 render the subsoil heavy. 



SUTTON SOILS 



Sutton should be grown on soils as described for the Hubbards- 

 ton. The trees have so much less bearing surface than more vigor- 

 ous growing sorts such as Baldwin, or even its sister variety, the 

 Hubbardston, that the yield is relatively low, and few continue to 

 plant it. If it is to be sold to advantage, special marketing also 

 is often necessary. 



MCINTOSII SOILS 



For this variety, soils ranging from heavy, sandy loam to 

 medium loam with subsoil of light, friable clay loam seem to give 

 the best results. If good size is to be maintained on sandy soils 

 in dry seasons, a plentiful supply of decayed vegetable matter in 

 the soil is necessary. 



Jonathan, Tompkins King, and Grimes are all grown to ad- 

 vantage on mellow medium loam with subsoil of friable loam. 

 Jonathan needs excellent care with heavy fertilization, and will 



