SOIL TYPES FOR VARIETIES OF APPLES 775 



stand good applications of stable manure. With all these condi- 

 tions supplied, it has given excellent results in some cases. 

 Tompkiiis King readily succumbs on low moist ground, and it has 

 rarely proved satisfactory on its own stock, the opinion prevail- 

 ing that it should be top-worked on Northern Spy or Tolman. 

 With ordinary care Grimes, as well as Jonathan, is undersized, 

 and should not be planted as a commercial sort. With intensive 

 methods, however, satisfactory size is secured, and in one orchard 

 in the Hudson Valley the fruit was large in the season of 1913. 



TWENTY OUNCE SOILS 



On deep sandy loams or very light friable loams with subsoils 

 not heavier than light friable loams, the Twenty Ounce is most 

 successful. On the Ontario Plain it is also well grown on light, 

 sandy loams and fine sands which have been kept well supplied 

 with decayed vegetable matter. 



OLDENBURG, WEALTHY, AND WAGENER SOILS 



For Oldenburg, heavy sandy loams and very light mellow 

 loams with subsoil of sandy loam have given good results. For 

 Wealthy the same soils are desirable, though the subsoil may also 

 be a little heavier loam. Even then the variety usually needs 

 thinning. Both these soils are suitable for Wagener, but they 

 should be in even more productive condition than is essential for 

 Oldenburg or Wealthy. On account of its weak growing habit, 

 the tree is quickly affected by droughty conditions; hence, a 

 plentiful supply of decayed vegetable matter in the soil is 

 essential. 



BEN DAVIS SOILS 



This variety has usually been highly profitable, but many are 

 fearful of future markets for it ; and, as several other varieties of 

 better quality are nearly as profitable, few commercial growers 

 seem now ready to plant more Ben Davis, except to fill in blocks 

 of orchard where the soil or drainage is unfavorable. For this 

 latter purpose it is frequently used, and its tendency to bear 

 annually more than most varieties is a point in its favor. Deep 

 and well-drained soils favor a high color of Ben Davis apples, as 

 well as other red varieties ; but, as Ben Davis is grown for quan- 

 tity rather than quality, poor color possibly detracts less from its 

 sale price than with some other sorts. 



