CARE OF YOUNG TREES 817 



have the rows in one direction parallel to a road or fence line, 

 and in using the square method it is also essential that the rows 

 should run at right angles. The following procedure has been 

 found advisable : Place a stake at either end of the plot on a line 

 parallel to the fence and at least one-half as far from it as the 

 distance to be left from row to row; set a row of stakes straight 

 between these two points. In order to obtain the right angle, 

 measure back in a straight line twelve feet and set stake. Then 

 from the corner stake at as near right angles as possible run tape 

 sixteen feet and drive another stake. When the distance between 

 stake set at twelve feet and the one set at sixteen feet is twenty 

 feet, you have an exact right angle. Now sight over the stake at 

 the corner and the one set sixteen feet away, and on line with 

 these set one at the far side of the field. Then run a line of stakes 

 again at desired distance apart between corner stake and last stake 

 set, when you will have your two base lines, and by measuring 

 each way may run .the rows in either direction. 



Distance Between Trees 



The distance at which trees should be set, or rather the number 

 it is best to set per acre, must always depend on the individual 

 orchard. If one wants to grow an orchard of moderate size, on 

 a farm where regular farm crops are to be grown between trees 

 until they come into bearing, then one should by all means use 

 only standard trees, and plant at a good distance apart. If, how- 

 ever, fruit growing is the principal end in view, and especially 

 if other kinds of fruit are grown, such as bush fruits and straw- 

 berries, other varieties and some of the small fruits can be in- 

 terpl anted. If the selections are wise, the net return per acre 

 will be increased each time we increase the number per acre within 

 reason, because of the reduction in overhead charges and because 

 there is always something growing on the ground at a minimum 

 cost for labor. Here we have the two extremes, both highly prac- 

 tical under certain conditions, and every man's best choice of dis- 

 tance lies somewhere between. From forty to fifty feet for the 

 larger spreaders, such as 'Spies, Baldwins, or Greenings, and 

 twenty-five to thirty feet for small-growing fillers, such as Wealthy, 

 Oldenburg, or Sutton, is advisable. 



