CARE OF THE OLD ORCHARD 829 



Baume, or home-made lime and sulphur in amounts according to 

 its density. If San Jose scale is present, one gallon commercial 

 lime and sulphur to eight gallons of water should be used; for 

 blister mite, use one gallon to eleven gallons of water. Two 

 pounds of arsenate of lead paste (or one-half the amount of dry 

 arsenate of lead) should be added to each fifty gallons of solution 

 as a spray against the bud moth and other chewing insects. When 

 red bug or apple aphis is prevalent, add three-fourths of a pint 

 of tobacco extract (40 per cent nicotine) to each hundred gallons 

 of dilute lime and sulphur. 



The second spraying is used mainly in those localities where the 

 scab fungus is very common. Cloudy or damp conditions are 

 most favorable for its development. The spray should be applied 

 after the individual flowers in the cluster separate from one 

 another, but before they can open into full blossom. Just at this 

 time a spray is applied, consisting of one gallon lime and sulphur 

 to forty gallons of water, with two and one-half pounds arsenate 

 of lead paste to every fifty gallons of the mixture. The lime and 

 sulphur protects the leaves and fruit stems from the scab, and the 

 poison arsenate destroys any insects that may be feeding upon the 

 foliage. 



The third spraying is against the larvae of the codling moth. 

 These larvae feed in the blossom end of the apple. When the 

 petals fall the calyx is open, and this is the time to spray. The 

 calyx soon closes and retains the poison inside, ready for the young 

 caterpillar's first meal. After the calyx has closed it is too late 

 to spray effectively. The spray used is the same as for the second 

 spraying. Lime and sulphur is again used, because of the preva- 

 lence of scab and other fungous diseases. If the red bug appears, 

 tobacco extract should be added. 



The fourth spraying is applied the last of July against the late 

 brood of the codling moth and the late attacks of the apple scab. 

 It is this larva which makes the ugly looking holes in the side of 

 the apple. The spray consists of lime and sulphur and poison of 

 the same strength as in the second and third sprayings. 



