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attention because of the serious injuries occurring to young fruit, 

 in some instances nearly half the set in an orchard being 

 destroyed. 



The earlier signs of injury are found in the indistinct, reddish 

 brown spotting of the more tender opening or recently unfolded 

 leaves. As the foliage ages, the discoloration becomes darker, and 

 after a time the central portion of the more seriously affected 

 tissues may die and drop, leaving an irregular series of reddish- 

 brown-margined holes in the somewhat curled, crumpled leaves. 

 At first affected apples show a slight exudation accompanied by 

 a local discoloration and hardening. The young fruit is fre- 

 quently pierced to the core and, as growth continues, depressions 

 with? pithy centers extending deep into the tissues may be formed. 



Both species winter as eggs deposited in the smaller twigs, 

 those of the true red bug hatching just before the blossoms open, 

 and those of the lined red bug about a week later. The young 

 bugs remain at first among the tender developing leaves, and as 

 they increase in size begin to attack the developing fruit, pro- 

 ducing the effects described above. 



Kxperimental and practical work have shown that young red 

 bugs can be destroyed with a nicotine preparation, like that 

 recommended for plant lice. In case the pests are numerous there 

 should be a spraying just before the blossoms open. In some 

 instances this may be combined with a very late spray for San 

 Jose scale 1 , and then nicotine should be added to the first treat- 

 ment for the codling moth and particular pains taken to spray 

 as early as possible after the dropping of the blossoms, in order 

 to destroy the insects before they have increased much in size. 



EARLY LEAF FEEDERS 



A number of insects may be grouped under this head, namely, 

 the apple tent caterpillar, the cankerworms, the bud moth, the 

 case-bearers, the leaf roller, and the green fruit worm, since all of 

 these begin feeding early on the young leaves. 



The apple tent caterpillar and the looping cankerworms are 

 so well known as to require no description. The bud moth, 

 Tmetocera ocellana Schiff., is only about half an inch long when 

 full grown, is dark brown in color, and has a darker head. It is 

 usually found in a webbed retreat among partly opened leaves or 



