854 THE FRUIT INDUSTRY ix XEW YORK STATE 



moth is sufficient to hold the other pests in cheek ; but, when such 

 is not the case and it is necessary to spray for San Jose scale, the 

 treatment may well be delayed until the leaves have started from 

 the buds, when poison can be added to the dormnn spray in 

 order to destroy the leaf feeders while they .are still young 1 . Satis- 

 factory results have not always been obtained when spraying with 

 a poison for the control of the leaf roller. In orchards where 

 the pests are likely to be numerous, thorough spraying with a 

 miscible oil diluted one to fifteen has been advised by Professor 

 Ilerrick for the destruction of the egg masses, the application 

 to be made just before the buds open. 



BORERS 



Young trees, in particular, are likely to suffer from attacks by 

 the common round-headed apple tree borer, Saperda Candida 

 Fabr., a white, legless grub that displays a marked preference for 

 the base of the trunk and is usually found at, or a little below, 

 the surface of the soil. The parent beetle is about three-fourths 

 of an inch long, and is a rich brown in color with broad, creamy 

 white, longitudinal stripes. The shy, retiring beetles appear in 

 midsummer but are seldom* seen. Systematic examination* of 

 young trees in both spring and fall, and the digging out of the 

 borers by the judicious use of a knife and a hooked wire, prove 

 the most practical methods of controlling this pest. 



Sickly apple trees are sometimes badly infested and occasionally 

 destroyed by the fruit-tree bark beetle, Eccoptoyasier rugulosus 

 Ratz., a small, shining, dark brown, or nearly black bark beetle 

 that enters the affected wood through small holes in the bark and 

 produces the familiar u shot-hole " appearance. This insect con- 

 fines its attacks very largely to sickly and dying trees. Inciden- 

 tally it is. -a more serious enemy of peach, plum, and pear. There 

 may be two broods or- generations in a season, and the most obvious 

 method of control is to cut out and burn all sickly or infested 

 wood. Trimmings from any trees liable to infestation should 

 not be allowed to remain in the vicinity of the orchard, since 

 brush piles occasionally become breeding centers and result in 

 injury to nearby trees. 



