1024 THE FRUIT INDUSTRY IN XEW YORK STATE 



shape. In some seasons the insects appear in such numbers that 

 twigs and branches are literally covered, in which event the health 

 and vigor of the trees are seriously impaired. This species- is 

 commonly found 011 pear and apple, although it attacks many 

 other plants. 



The Scurfy Scale 



Scurfy scale, Chionpasis furfura Fitch., somewhat resembles the 

 oyster-shell scale, but is easily distinguished from it by its greater 

 breadth and white color. When present in large numbers it is 

 conspicuous by its contrast with the dark bark. It is common on 

 pear, apple, and quince. 



Successive years' spraying with the lime-sulphur mixture as 

 indicated for San Jose scale will also free the tree's from oyster- 

 shell scale and scurfy scale. About the middle of June, as the 

 young scales hatch, the latter s-pecies may also be efficiently con- 

 trolled by applying one pound of fish-oil soap dissolved in five 

 gallons of water, or kerosene emulsion diluted with eight parts 

 of water. 



INSECTS THAT ATTACK THE BLOSSOMS AND FRUIT 



The Codling Moth 



The codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella Linn., is responsible 

 for wormy pears. The damage to the fruit is done by a worm, 

 or caterpillar, of a small moth, popularly known as the codling 

 moth. There are two broods of worms. The first brood appears 

 in early summer, while the second brood is active during late 

 summer. The worms of the first brood are hatched from tiny 

 dislike eggs, laid on the trees by the parent moths, on or near 

 young pears. Two or three weeks after the trees have blossomed, 

 the eggs hatch. The young worm crawls to the blossom end of 

 the pear and burrows into the interior of the young fruit, feeding 

 as it goes. After feeding for two or three weeks, the worm leaves 

 the pear and spins a cocoon under the rough bark of the trees or 

 under adjacent rubbish. Within this cocoon it changes to a pupa, 

 and later to a moth, which is- the codling moth of the second brood. 

 In the latitude of Geneva the second brood of moths appears during 

 the latter part of July or early August. During some seasons, 

 the late brood of worms is rather numerous and is responsible for 



