INSECTS ATTACKING THE PEAR, AND THEIR COXTROL 1033 



the fruit-tree leaf roller appears as the buds are bursting and 

 feeds on the unfolding leaves. The leaves and blossom clusters 

 are tied together in a web, within which the larvae feed. The 

 injury to the fruit is similar to that described for the above asso- 

 ciated species. The caterpillars mature in June, and the moths 

 appear about one month later. The*fruit-tree leaf roller deposits 

 its eggs on the bark of the trunk and twigs, where they remain 

 tli rough the winter. 



Trcfihnciil. Very careful and thorough spraying with arsenate 

 of lead (three pounds to fifty gallons of mixture) should afford 

 satisfactory protection. The first application should be made 

 shortly after the eggs begin to hatch, which will be when the first 

 green foliage is showing on the trees, and the second as soon as 

 the blc.--.som buds have separated in the clusters. The fruit-tree 

 leaf roller has proved a difficult insect to control. Arsenate of 

 lead should be applied as recommended for the associated species. 

 lie cent experiments indicate that the insect may be efficiently 

 combated by thorough spraying just before buds open with mis- 

 cible oil diluted with fifteen parts of water. 



The Green Fruit Worms 



The green fr.uit worms, Xylina spp. f sometimes^tlo serious in- 

 jury by eating into the young pears. They also attack apples, 

 plums, cherries, peaches, and quinces. The full-grown cater- 

 pillars measure from an inch to nearly an inch and a half in 

 length. They are green or yellowish green in color with various 

 irregular markings and stripes, the most prominent of the latter 

 being a narrow, cream-colored stripe down the middle of the back 

 and a wider one along each side. The caterpillars are most 

 destructive during May, soon after the fruit has formed. They 

 continue feeding until about the middle of June. They feed 

 mostly at night, resting on the undersides of the leaves during 

 the day. When full-grown, they go into the ground, form a 

 rough cocoon, and pupate. The adults are dull-colored moths, 

 measuring about two inches from tip to tip with the wings spread. 

 They lay their eggs in spring, and the caterpillars appear during 

 the early leafing period. 



Treatment. These insects are difficult pests to combat when 



