1186 THE FKUIT INDUSTRY IN NEW YORK STATE 



autumn. The lime sulphur wash may be made at home,* using 

 the 40 80 50 formula ; or the commercial concentrated solution 

 (testing 32 degrees Baume*) may be obtained and diluted with 

 eight or nine parts of water. In applying the wash care should be 

 taken to cover even the smallest twigs. Some growers use miscible 

 oil instead of lime-sulphur. If this is used, it should be applied 

 only in spring when the buds begin to swell. 



The European Fruit-tree Scale 



While this pest, Aspidiotus ostreceformis Curtis, is much less 

 important economically, it is nevertheless rather similar in haltits 

 and appearance to the San Jose scale, from which it may be dis- 

 tinguished by the orange color of the nipple, located in A. ostrece- 

 formis toward one side of the scale. Injury is done to plum, apri- 

 cot, currant, and soft maple. 



Control. This scale may bo controlled in the same manner 

 recommended for the San Jose scale. 



Putnam's Scale 



This scale, Aspidiotus ancylus Putnam, is practically indistin- 

 guishable from the European fruit-tree scale except by microscopic 

 structures. Plums are sometimes badly encrusted by this scal< 

 but it is a much less serious pest than is San Jose scale. 



Control. When trees are sprayed for San Jose scale, this pei- 

 will not become seriously abundant. 



The European Fruit Lecanium 



This species, Lecanium corni Bouche, has occurred in this state 

 in destructive abundance and is injurious to a large number oi 

 plants, including many of the stone and pome fruits, currant, black- 

 berry, mulberry, and pecan. 



The young scales pass the winter on the small branches, and wi1 

 the approach of spring they make rapid growth, maturing in earl; 

 spring. The mature female is a large, brown, soft-bodied seal 

 about one-eighth inch long, closely resembling a halved pea al 

 tached to the bark. The male is whitish and smaller. The f< 

 males lay a large number of eggs, and the insects hatching from 



See Bulletins 329 and 330, X. Y. Agr. Exp. Station. 



