GRAPE-GROAVING SECTIONS OF XEAV YORK 1239 



very unfavorable conditions of climate, ripens its wood and buds 

 before severe winter temperatures occur. Hardiness, then, is a 

 second feature which accounts for its popularity. With other 

 fruits there are the annual and the biennial bearers. Generally 

 speaking, the grape does not present these characters in so marked 

 a degree, yet certain varieties approach the biennial bearing habit. 

 The Concord, however, under good cultural conditions produces 

 satisfactory annual crops. To have commercial standing, any 

 variety must return a good annual tonnage. 



The public has been educated to the Concord type, and the 

 black grape is favored by the public as is the red apple. Many 

 black grapes are mistaken for Concord to those unfamiliar with 

 the flavor of the full, ripe cluster of this variety. Worden, 

 Moore, and even Isabella, are often sold on the city markets for 

 Concord. Grape connoisseurs do not rate Concord of high 

 quality, yet it is the most popular American grape. Its popu- 

 larity is largely due to the fact that it does not cloy the appetite 

 as do some varieties. Several clusters can be eaten by the average 

 individual at one sitting, and as many more within a short time, 

 without that feeling of fullness that comes from eating many of 

 the other varieties. Concord is grown extensively, not alone in 

 the Chautauqua belt, but in the Central Lakes region, where it is 

 fast supplanting other varieties. In the Hudson Valley and the 

 Niagara district it is not so popular, but even in these regions 

 its planting is becoming more extensive. 



CATAWBA 



The Catawba is probably the second grape in point of acreage 

 in New York. In the Chautauqua area it is very rarely grown, 

 as it is reputed to mature its fruit so late as to meet with killing 

 frosts. The real facts are, however, that the vineyardists of the 

 section are Concord growers and they have not studied the 

 Catawba characteristics as have the growers on Keuka Lake. 

 Likewise, the latter do not grow the Concord so well as does the 

 Chautauqua vineyardist. Each region is a specialized one. 

 The principal reason why the Catawba has not been more success- 

 fully grown in the Chautauqua and Erie belt is found in the 

 pruning and training of it. The Catawba would not be a success 



