THE Xi-:\v YORK WINK INDUSTRY 



1259 



FIG. 414. SINGLE GRAPE RACK FOR HYDRAULIC 

 WINE PRESS 



cylinders, which, in revolving, break the skins without crushing 

 the seeds. After passing through the crusher, the grapes fall 

 into the stemmer. The stems are torn off and carried to one end 

 of the machine, where they are discharged ; the seeds, skins, 

 pulp, and juice escape through the bottom and are conveyed in a 

 chute to the press, which is usually on the floor below. 



Pressing 



The most improved 

 forms of wine presses 

 are now found in all 

 of the large Xo\v York 

 wineries. The old style 

 wine presses are not 

 used, except in a small 

 way. The new presses 

 ;iro the result of 

 American skill and 



mechanical ingenuity. It is interesting to note here that foreign 

 manufacturers have taken American wine presses as their 

 models. 



There are three kttrds or types 

 of wine presses the screw, the 

 knuckle joint, and the hydraulic. 

 The latter type of press is a marvel 

 of power, convenience, and ef- 

 ficiency. In using the hydraulic 

 press the pomace is built up into 

 a " cheese " with a system of 

 cloths and racks. The single racks 

 are made square, of wooden strips 

 one-half inch thick by one and 

 one-half inch wide, placed one- 

 quarter inch apart, with five or more strips two inches wide 

 nailed across (Fig. 414). The double racks are made with the 

 same number of slats both ways, closely nailed (Fig. 415). 

 The manner of building up a grape cheese is thus described by 



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FIG. 415. DOUBLE RACK FOR 

 HYDRAULIC WINE PRESS 



