1276 THE FRUIT INDUSTRY ix XEW YORK STATE 



Then with a subsoil plow, go twice through each dead furrow. 

 Much of the soil loosened by the subsoiler can now be thrown out 

 by again going through each furrow with the two-horse plow, 

 once each way. This insures deep planting and greatly increases 

 the area for root growth. 



PLAXTIXG OF VIXEfARD 



Selection of Vines 



The selection of vines is an important part in the foundation 

 of the vineyard. Too often it is neglected altogether, by reason 

 of the inability of the prospective grower to judge vines, or else 

 when poor vines are purchased knowingly because they are cheap. 

 A poor vine purchased because of cheapness is a poor investment. 

 A vineyard started with poor vines is handicapped at the start 

 and rarely, if ever, overcomes the burden even with good care 

 later on. 



First-grade, one-year vines are to be preferred to two-year ones. 

 As a rule they are much better, although to the amateur a large 

 vine promises more. Very frequently two-year vines represent 

 the poorer one-year vines of the previous season transplanted and 

 allowed to grow in the nursery row another season. Most com- 

 mercial vineyards are set with one-year vines, while the amateur 

 usually sets the two-year. There are doubtless some good two- 

 year vines, but they are the exception. 



Laying Out tJie Vineyard 



There are many recommendations as to the distances apart 

 for rows and vines. Some of the older vineyards are set ten by 

 ten feet, but the prevailing distances are for rows nine feet apart 

 and for vines eight feet. Eight by eight feet appears to be most 

 suitable, as an eight-foot row can be plowed most satisfactorily 

 with a three-gang plow by going twice through the row, and subse- 

 quent tillage with spring-tooth harrow and disk may be economi- 

 cally done. Many of the newer vineyards are being set eight by 

 six feet and some even eight by four feet. In this instance the 

 grower plans to take out every other vine as soon as two or three 

 crops have been harvested; or else leave and put up but half the 



