('l I.Ti KAI. M KTlInhS KoU T 1 1 K (JlfAI'K IN \K\V VoRK 1277 



wood for each vine 1hal is usually put up when they are set eight 

 by eight feet. Observation has shown, however, that orcliardists 

 who have set trees closer than they should have been, intending 

 to remove alternate trees when they arrived at maturity, find it 

 exceedingly heart-breaking to remove a healthy bearing tree; this 

 no doubt will hold with the vineyardist who is setting eight by 

 four feet with the intention of pulling out each alternate vine. 



lic Vin<es 



After the field has been plowed in lands of the desired width, 

 stakes are now set in the furrow at the interval decided on for 

 the vines in the row. These should be lined carefully each way. 

 Then with the hoe and shovel, the hole is dug in the bottom 

 of the furrow with the stake as the center. This can be readily 

 done, as the plowing has loosened the soil. There is not much 

 danger of setting the vine too deep, but rather at the other ex- 

 treme is the error usually made. The hole should be dug deep 

 enough so that the bottom may be filled in with surface soil, leav- 

 ing a mound in the center of the hole on which the base of the 

 vine is to rest. It should be large enough to accomodate the 

 roots without crowding. The roots are cut back more or less 

 severely, depending on their growth and condition, but generally 

 to about eight or ten inches from the base. The top is cut back 

 to two or three buds. The roots are then spread out in the hole 

 so that they are equally disposed in all directions, the base of 

 the vine resting on the mound, with the roots sloping downward 

 at an angle; a small quantity of the surface soil is then tamped 

 firmly upon them. More soil is added and firmly packed until 

 the hole is nearly filled, but the surface soil is left loose. The vine 

 should now be a sufficient depth so that the two or three buds 

 of the top are just above the ground. In the following winter or 

 spring the growth of the previous season is cut back to two buds, 

 t'r we should aim to obtain a well-established root system above 

 all else. At the beginning of the second year we find our vine 

 apparently in the same condition as in the year of setting. In 

 the second spring one wire of the trellis should be put up, not to 

 fix the future training, but to get the canes out of the way for 

 cultivation. 



