1284 THE FRUIT INDUSTRY ix XEW YORK STATE 



FIG. 425. THE TWO-STEM KXIFFEX SYSTEM 



Y-stem Kniffen. This differs from the foregoing in that, in- 

 stead of the two stems being brought up from the ground, one is 

 taken from the other at a distance a little below the lower wire, 

 is carried to the wire at the top, and there tied. This makes a 

 Y-shaped joint, as indicated in the name. The number of canes 

 .laid down and subsequent treatment are the same as in the others 

 so far described. 



Umbrella Kniffen. The chief differences between this system 

 and the true Kniffen are the use of two canes instead of four, 

 and the somewhat changed position given them. Two canes of 

 from eight to twenty buds are taken from spurs on the trunk at 

 the top wire. These are tied to the right and left along the wire 

 and then bent down hooplike to the lower wire and secured. The 

 canes are renewed yearly from spurs. This method is now much 

 followed in the grape-growing belt in Pennsylvania. 



One-wire Kniffen, or Low Kniffen. This system is a modifica- 

 tion of the umbrella, but differs in that the trellis has only one 

 wire, three to four feet above the ground. The single stem ex- 

 tends up to the wire, where two canes of from ten to twelve buda 

 are taken off and laid down to the right and left of the stem. 



