CULTURAL METHODS FOR THE GRAI-K i.\ Xi-;\v YORK 1289 



abjection to this >ystem is the tendency of the -purs to lengthen, 

 become crooked, and in some cases to reach inidway between the 

 first and second wires. The shoots are tied to the wires in the 

 direction that they naturally assume. This may be vertically. 

 horizontally, or obliquely across the wire. In regions where 

 grapes nre ro\vn for home use and the climate necessitates win- 

 ter protection, this system is used to advantage. It is also used 

 !> a considerable extent in many of the commercial rj.neyards of 

 the Central \e\v York lake region. 



FIG. 430. THE CHAUTAUQUA SYSTEM 



The Horizontal Type. This type is little used at present, as 

 the cost of the trellis and the labor of tying render it undesirable. 

 One cane arising from a trunk one or two feet high is left after 

 each pruning. This is carried perpendicularly to the top wire, 

 and the shoots arising therefrom are tied to slats or wires extend- 

 ing vertically from the lower to the upper wire or the trellis. The 

 one advantage of the system is the ease of control for varieties 

 that are likely to overbear or those that are already weakened 

 and require careful nursing. 



