1292 



THE FRUIT INDUSTRY IN NEW YORK STATE 



spring-tooth harrow, and disk. Just about the time that the 

 rootworm has transformed to the pupa or turtle stage and has 

 penetrated the upper layer of the soil, ready to emerge as an adult 

 and lay its egg on the canes, the grape hoe is used to throw a 

 furrow away from the hills. This exposes the delicate pupal 

 stage of the insect to the sun and other climatic conditions which 

 are very destructive to it. Cultivate at regular intervals of ten 



FIG. 433. THE DIAMOND-TOOTH CULTIVATOR is A GOOD WEED EBADICATOR IN 



WEI % SEASONS 



days and always just before the soil has crusted from a rain, and 

 especially frequently in a season of drought. About the first of 

 August cultivation should be discontinued, either in the case of 

 gang-plowing up to the vines, dragging, or plowing a single fur- 

 row to each side of the hill. Care should be observed to maintain 

 the soil level throughout the entire width of the row during the 

 growing season, thus insuring a more uniform distribution or 

 rainfall. 



