1324 THE FKUIT INDUSTRY IN XEW YORK STATE 



in other words, the wine makers objected that they were buying 

 too much wood with the fruit. 



In order to correct this practice the 20-pound basket was again 

 brought into use, this basket being a Climax basket with veneer 

 sides, solid bottom, and splint hoops and handle, usually having 

 an open splint cover. 



This enumeration of containers does not include the modern 

 sizes, and the changes have continued until at this time there are 

 the three-pound, the four-pound, the four-quart, the eight-pound, 

 and the 20-pound baskets. 



UNIFORM STANDARD PACKAGES NECESSARY 



Both national and state laws have been passed, but thus far 

 they have not been conclusive or final, and have chiefly served 

 to worry the growers without giving them any direct benefit so 

 far as can be ascertained. It is to be sincerely hoped that the 

 federal government will soon pass a law that will establish a 

 clear standard for all' packages, so that any one may safely ship 

 fruit to another state without fear of being a lawbreaker. 



Package standards should be based on cubic measure and not 

 on weight, as no grower can ship fruit in easily opened containers 

 without loss from sampling on the route, and from this sampling 

 he may become technically a lawbreaker if the standard is on 

 a weight basis. Fruit with large juice content, such as grapes, 

 is also subject to losses in weight by evaporation, and even this 

 might cause serious difficulty in a weight-basis standard. Certain 

 standard sizes of cubic-measure contents should be made con- 

 venient to all, and growers would then gladly conform to the law. 

 The weight standard is not possible with fruit, as shrinkage 

 varies according to weather conditions. So much may be said 

 for packages and the necessity for national legislation. Although 

 but a detail of the business, it is nevertheless important. 



PRIMITIVE METHODS OF SHIPPING 



While the style and kind of packages has been changing, the 

 manner of marketing if this term can be used to designate it 

 has also undergone changes from time to time without much 



