1356 THE FRUIT INDUSTRY IN XEW YORK STATE 



usually set in rows six to seven feet apart with plants two or three 

 feet apart in the row. Some growers prefer eight feet between 

 rows to permit of cultivation with a team. The plants soon form a. 

 continuous row. If grown in hills, the plants are set about five 

 feet apart each way. 



Cultivation should begin early and l>e repeated often enough 

 to maintain a mellow soil condition. After harvest the ground 

 should be thoroughly worked and a cover crop sown, using either 

 about fifteen pounds clover seed per acre or twenty-five pounds 

 of vetch, or about one bushel of oats or barley. Mixtures of the 

 seed are sometimes used to advantage. A hoed crop may be grown 

 between the rows the first year. Cultivation close to the plants 

 should be shallow. 



The fruiting canes should be cut out and destroyed as soon 

 as the crop of fruit has been harvested, thinning out the surplus 

 canes the following spring to from four to six canes per bush, 

 depending on conditions. Xo further summer pruning is required 

 with red raspberries. In the spring the canes should be cut back 

 to a desired fruiting height, usually three or four feet from the 

 ground, depending on their vigor. 



In most parts of the state no trellis is used, but in some locali- 

 ties the bushes are staked when grown in hills, or a wire trellis 

 is used, stretching one wire on each side of the row. Red rasp- 

 berries are usually sufficiently hardy to need no winter protection. 

 In certain parts of the state, however, and with some varieties, 

 the canes are given some degree of winter protection by bending 

 them down and covering them more or less with earth or coarse, 

 strawy mulching. 



INSECTS 



Fortunately, but few insects infest the red raspberry. The fol- 

 lowing are those most commonly found in various sections of the 

 state. 



Snowy Tree-Cricket 



This insect makes a row of punctures about two inches long in 

 the cane in which the eggs are deposited, when that part of the cane 

 above the puncture either dies or is so weakened as to prevent 

 the normal development of the fruit. The only satisfactory rem- 

 edy is to gather and burn the infested canes containing the eggs. 



