137-t THE FRUIT INDUSTRY ix XEW YORK STATE 



Cultivation should be thorough, as described for raspberries, 

 page 1356, and cover crops may be used as desired. Intensive 

 cultivation is especially important, as the fruit matures later than 

 most of the other small fruits at a season when droughts may be 

 expected. Hoed crops may be planted between the rows the first 

 year. 



The pruning of blackberries is similar to that described under 

 black raspberries, page 1346, except that the summer pruning is 

 made at a .slightly lower height. If the plants are grown in hills 

 and staked, however, the new growth is not pinched back in the 

 summer. Practices differ in regard to cutting back the laterals in 

 the spring, good crops often being secured without any heading-in 

 of the lateral branches. 



The vinelike growth of dewberries must be supported by stakes 

 or trellis. The new growth is not pinched back in summer but is 

 allowed to run on the ground along the row, and is thinned out, 

 tied up, and cut back to the desired length the following spring. 

 A convenient trellis is made by stretching two wires, one on each 

 side of the row, fastened to end stakes and supported at intervals 

 by stakes, the wires being tied together at convenient distances by 

 twine. In other cases either one wire or two wires, one above the 

 other, are stretched along the row and the canes tied directly to 

 the wires. Blackberries are grown both with and without trellis, 

 using either stakes or wires as already described. 



INSECTS 



The canes of blackberries are often injured considerably by the 

 snowy tree-cricket, and to a lesser extent by the raspberry cane- 

 borer. In some seasons the foliage may be infested by the rasp- 

 berry sawfly and the red spider. 



All of these insects are discussed under red raspberries, page 

 1356, and need no repetition. 



DISEASES 



Anthracnose and orange rust often cause considerable loss to 

 blackberry growers. The plants are also attacked to a lesser extent 

 by cane blight, yellows, and root-knot. These diseases are de- 

 scribed under red or black raspberries, pages 1358, 1359, and 

 1363. Dewberries are as a rule somewhat less subject to attacks 

 of insects or diseases than are blackberries. 





