330 



STRUCTURE AND LITE HISTORIES 



c * -U& .^ * rV&rA^hW^fc?/ 



: ^ 



FIG. 238. A lichen, Parmdia perlaia (L.) Ach. i. Plant, slightly 

 reduced in size; a, apothecia; 6, lobe of thallus; c, soredial patches. The 

 soredia are vegetative reproductive bodies composed of both algal and fun- 

 gal elements, and therefore able to reproduce the lichen; the ascospores, 



