434 STRUCTURE AND LIFE HISTORIES 



adders-tongue, or dog's-tooth violet, illustrates the 

 essential points for Angiosperms. 



387. Dog's-Tooth Violet. 1 The dog's-tooth violet (Ery- 

 thronium americanum) belongs to the order which includes 



FIG. 322. Dog's-tooth violet (Erylhronium americanum}. Stages of 

 deveopment from the seed. 1-5 show the stage of development in each 

 of five successive years. Full explanation in the text. 6, Bulb showing 

 a surface bud (the sprout has been destroyed). (After F. H. Blodgett.) 



the lilies (Liliales), and its structure is quite typical of 

 that ordfer (Fig. 322). Its stem is a small, underground, 

 scaly bulb, giving rise to numerous roots. From the upper 



1 The dog's-tooth violet is really not a violet at all, the common name, 

 as frequently, having no regard to botanical relationships. John Bur- 

 roughs has suggested that "fawn-lily" would be a much more appropriate 

 name. But common names of plants and animals are, fortunately, not 

 easily changed. 



