JUDGING. 173 



loins broad, flat, straight, with ribs rising therefrom in 

 an arch ; belly straight, quarters long and full, with the 

 mutton quite down to the hock, which should neither 

 stand in nor out ; his twist (i. e. the junction of the 

 inside of the thighs) deep, wide, and full, which with 

 the broad breast will keep his four legs open and up- 

 right, the whole covered with a thin pelt, and that 

 with fine bright soft wool. 



Points of a Bull. — Head rather long, horns clean 

 and bright, large eyes, lively and protuberant ; mas- 

 culine looking ; forehead broad and close set with 

 thick curly hair ; ears long and thin, hairy within 

 and without ; muzzle fine, nostrils wide and open ; 

 neck strong and muscular, not encumbered with a 

 coarse wreathy skin, but firm, rising from the 

 shoulders with a gentle curve, tapering to the part 

 where it is connected with the head ; dewlap large, 

 thin, and hairy ; shoulders deep, high, and mode- 

 rately broad at the top ; bosom open ; breast large, 

 and projecting well before his legs; back straight and 

 broad ; tail well set on, with plenty of lank hair on 

 the under part of it ; ribs broad and circular, rising 

 one above another, so that the last rib shall be rather 

 the highest ; fore thighs strong and muscular, taper- 

 ing gradually to the knees ; belly deep, straight ; 

 hind thighs large and square ; roof wide, especially 

 over chine or hips ; legs straight, short-jointed, 

 sinewy, clean, fine boned ; knees round, big, and 

 straight ; feet distant one from another, not broad 

 nor turning in, but easily spreading ; hoofs long and 

 broad ; hide not hard nor stubborn to the touch ; 

 hair uniformly thick, short, and of a soft texture ; 



