124 CROP PRODUCTION 



the Codling Moth larvae is also largely effective against 



the adult curculios. 

 The Apple Maggot or Railroad Worm is a serious pest 



in many regions. A small fly lays eggs beneath the 

 skin of young apples in summer. 

 The eggs hatch into footless mag- 

 gots that burrow through the pulp. 

 The injured fruits finally fall and 

 the maggots leave them to enter 

 the soil. Here they pupate and 

 remain until the following season, 

 when they emerge as flies. The 

 CHANNELS OF usual sprayiug with arsenate of 



APPLE r-lAGGOT . 



lead is helpful against the pest, 

 as is the picking up of windfalls or pasturing with 

 stock that eats them. 



Scale Insects 



Three species of Scale Insects or Bark-lice commonly 

 attack apple trees. The San Jose Scale is most destruc- 

 tive; the Oyster-shell Scale next and the Scurfy Scale 

 next. The Oyster-shell Scale is easily recognized 

 through its resemblance to miniature oyster shells. The 

 eggs beneath the scales in winter may easily be seen even 

 with the unaided eye. The Scurfy Scale occurs as small 

 whitish patches scattered over the bark. All these 

 scales are killed by the thorough appHcation of the 

 lime-sulphur spray to the leafless trees. 



Apple trees, especially when young, often suffer from 

 the attacks of Rabbits and Meadow-mice. These pests 

 feed upon the bark of the trunk near the ground, fre- 

 quently girdhng it so completely that the tree dies. 



