i66 CROP PRODUCTION 



cool cellar. Early in spring they should be planted out- 

 doors in rich, moist soil, being buried vertically about six 

 inches apart in the row. The soil should be thoroughly 

 tramped down around them so that the bottom of the 

 cutting will be in direct contact with it. A good pro- 

 portion of these cuttings of varieties that root easily, 

 like Concord and Niagara, make a growth of two or 

 three feet of new shoots during the season. The next 

 spring the young vines are ready for transplanting. 



Enemies 



Grapes are attacked by many insects and parasitic 

 fungi. Few of the former are so numerous as to be 

 generally destructive every year, although at times some 

 of them become pests over wide areas. 



Of the fungi the Black Rot is perhaps the most seri- 

 ous, especially in southern regions. It commonly first 

 appears on the leaves early in summer as small reddish 

 brown spots. A little later similar spots show upon the 

 green grapes. The latter soon rot, shrivel, and turn 

 black, assuming a characteristic appearance. Spraying 

 with Bordeaux mixture prevents this and other grape 

 diseases, although for a few home vines, tying paper 

 bags about the young clusters and leaving them on 

 until the fruit ripens is a simpler preventive. 



