30 



PRODUCTIVE FARMING 



weeds in this group. Burdock, teasel, bull thistle, wild 

 carrot (Fig. 10a) and parsnip are common biennial weeds. 



Perennial weeds live several years and bear blossoms 

 and seeds each year. The roots or underground parts live 

 over from year to year, and usually new leaves and stems 

 are sent up from the old roots in the spring. Such weeds are 

 most commonly foimd in pastures, hay-fields, lawns, road- 

 sides, and fence rows. They grow in places where their 

 roots may live undisturbed in the soil from year to year. 

 Because of this we may conclude that rotation of crops will 



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Fig. 14. — Seed samples in wooden case, bottles held in place with shoestring. 

 (Agricultural Education.) 



help destroy them. When a hay-field is plowed and harrowed 

 for corn, nearly all kinds of perennial weeds are killed. 



Examples of perennials are: Canada thistle, quack or 

 couch grass, Johnson grass, curled or yellow dock, smart- 

 w^eed, dandelion (Fig. 106), golden hawkweed, milk-weed, nut 

 sedge, ox-eye daisy, rib-grass plantain, wide-leaved plan- 

 tain, red field sorrel, toad flax, white and purple fall asters, 

 wild garlic, chicory. 



Exercise. — Collecting Weed Specimens. — In the fall of 

 the year a collection of weeds should be made by the student. 

 One set of the specimens should be kept at the school. They 

 may be dried by spreading out the plants between large 



