SMALL GRAINS 



149 



Varieties are also classified by the heads, as bearded and 

 beardless or smooth (Fig. 83). As to color of grain they may 

 be (1) white or yellowish, and (2) red varieties. 



Soil. — The heavy clay loams are best for wheat growing 

 but medium loams are also used. Heavy soils are cool and 

 hold their moisture better than lighter soils. The kernels 

 will not develop fully, or ''fill," if the soil is too light. 



Fig. 83. — Three types of wheat mounted under glass on cotton. Bearded wheat 

 on the right; the others are smooth; square-head wheat on left. 



Preparation and Planting. — The soil is usually plowed in 

 the early fall, whether it be for winter or for spring wheat. 

 It is important that the bottom soil be well packed down 

 before the grain is sown. For fall seeding the ground may be 

 rolled and then harrowed again to secure the desired con- 

 dition of seed bed. 



