FRUIT PRODUCTION 



199 



tion of the root area in transplanting. This maintains the 

 proper balance of root and top in the next season's growth. 

 Grapes need very little of the old wood left for the fol- 

 lowing season's growth of vines and crop of fruit. The fruit 

 is annually borne on shoots of the same season's growth 

 (Fig. 118). Better grapes are obtained by cutting away con- 

 siderable of the old wood each winter. 



Fig. 118. — The grape-xnne sho\\'ing blossom clusters on the new shoots. 



Raspberries and Blackberries both bear their blossoms 

 and berries on the end of new shoots. These shoots come 

 from the last year's canes. In summer, after the crop is 

 picked, cut out all of the old canes, and either head back 

 or cut away entirely many of the young canes. This heavy 

 pruning induces the growth of new canes from the crowns. 

 These will bear the fruit branches next season. 



Currants and Gooseberries should not be pruned so much 

 each year. The fruit is borne on both old and new wood, 

 and only the very oldest parts need to be cut out. 



