218 PRODUCTIVE FARMING 



places near the surface of the ground. Very frequently the 

 insects work in the sap wood just below the surface of the 

 ground. 



Washing the trunks with lime-sulfur in the spring and 

 summer is tried by many growers. It will probably protect 

 the orchard from a large per cent of the borers. The more 

 common and more certain remedy is to dig into the trees 

 for borers in September or October and again in April or 

 May. This is done by digging the dirt from the trunks of 



Fio. 136. — The flat-head apple-borer: a, larva; h, pupa; d, adult. 

 (From Smith's "Economic Entomology.") 



the trees a few inches below the ground level. After a few 

 days dig with a knife or wire for the borers under the bark 

 wherever the gum or borings may be seen. 



Grafting wax may be rubbed over these wounds, and the 

 dirt thrown back and heaped up around the tree. Heaping 

 up the dirt will cause the next brood to work a little higher 

 where they can be more easily discovered. 



Apple Tree Borers. — There are two kinds of beetles that 

 attack the trunk of the apple tree and eat in the wood : the 

 flat-headed and the round-headed borer. Their work is 

 similar, but the grubs and beetles are quite different, as 

 shown in Figs. 136, 137. The flat-headed borer attacks a 



