258 PRODUCTIVE FARMING 



because of their short horns in contrast with the long-horned 

 cattle of England. The names Durham, Teeswater, and 

 Holderness were local names given them in those localities 

 where they were bred. 



The Polled Durhams are a hornless branch or family of 

 the Shorthorn breed; the term ''polled" means hornless^ 

 Their hornless character is their only difference from the 

 Shorthorns. Cows of the breed weigh 1400 pounds or more. 

 The colors vary much more than in any of the other breeds 

 of cattle. The prevailing colors are red, white, and roan. 



Fig. 162. — Beef type of shorthorn, white and roan. (An. I.) 



Herefords (Fig. 163) originated in Herefordshire, Eng- 

 land, and were first brought to this country by Henry Clay 

 in 1817. The breed is old and well estabhshed. In color 

 these cattle are red with white faces and some white markings 

 along the back, under line and sometimes on the feet and 

 tail. The Herefords (pronounced Her-fords) are shorter 

 legged, more blocky and a little heavier than the Shorthorns. 

 They are well suited to grazing and fatten easily on the 

 grassy plains of the West. There they have been extensively 

 mixed with the native cattle, the grade Herefords making 

 good beef cattle. 



As already mentioned in another chapter, there is now 



