314 PRODUCTIVE FARMING 



very high in protein and is mixed with other concentrates 

 for the feeding of dairy cows. 



Brewers^ Grains. — These are the by-products from brew- 

 eries and contain both the bran and the germs of barley. 

 When dried and mixed with other concentrates they are very 

 suitable for dairy cows. They are somewhat richer in pro- 

 tein than wheat bran. Brewers' grains are sometimes fed 

 while very wet. Cows like them in this condition if the grains 

 are not allowed to spoil, which they are likely do do in 

 warm weather. 



Beet Pulp. — After sugar is extracted from sugar-beets 

 the shredded pulp is dried and shipped to all parts of the 

 country for use as stock feed. It should be again wet and 

 soaked for a few hours before feeding. Dairymen are now 

 feeding beet pulp quite extensively as a winter succulence, 

 substituting it wholly or in part for ensilage. Its chief 

 nutrient is carbohydrate, there being little protein. 



Cottonseed Meal. — Cottonseed meal is one of the richest 

 of the concentrates produced from plants for stock feed. 

 It is the chief by-product from the cottonseed in the manu- 

 facture of cottonseed oil. The hulls are usually first removed 

 and the oil pressed out of the cottonseed. The remaining 

 feed is ground into the form of meal, and fed to stock with 

 grains or other concentrated feeds and with fodders. Cotton- 

 seed meal is very rich in protein and has more fat than most 

 of the other grains. In feeding it to stock much care must 

 be exercised, as when fed too heavily there is sometimes 

 a poisonous effect. 



Linseed Meal. — This is frequently called oil-meal in the 

 North, as cottonseed meal is less common there. It is a by- 

 product from the manufacture of oil from flaxseed. The 

 oil is chiefly used for paint. The meal is of two kinds, called 

 old process and new process. In the old process the oil is 

 pressed from the flaxseed and the remaining part is broken 

 into small pieces or ground into meal for feed. In the new 



