166 ELEMENTS OF FARM PRACTICE 



Horses and Mules are used chiefly for power or for driv- 

 ing and riding. In some countries in times of famine horse 

 meat is eaten, but such cases are rare. Horse hides or skins 

 are used to make gloves and shoes. 



Cattle are kept chiefly for meat and milk. Oxen are 

 sometimes used for work and driving. When animals are 

 slaughtered, their skins are used for making shoes, gloves, 

 harnesses and other leather goods. Their hair is used for 

 plastering. The bones are used for refining sugar, and the 

 bones, blood, hair and other waste is used for fertilizer or 

 for feed for hogs and poultry, and the tallow is used in 

 oleomargarine, for making soap and various kinds of oils 

 and grease. 



Hogs are kept for the production of meat and lard, but 

 the waste products are used for fertilizers. 



Sheep are kept for their wool from which clothing is 

 made and for meat. 



Poultry is kept for meat and eggs. 



Questions: 



1. Tell what you can about the importance of live stock in the 

 United States. In your community. 



2. Why do live stock farms usually produce larger yields of grain 

 and com than farms without live stock? 



3. What can you say of the uses of the different kinds of live 

 stock? 



Arithmetic: 



1. Figure as nearly as you can the value of all of the live stock 

 on your home farm, or on some other farm where you know conditions. 



2. Ten bushels of com contains 10 lbs. of nitrogen 1.7 lbs. of 

 phosphorus, and 1.9 lbs. of potash. If 10 bushels of corn will produce 

 100 lbs. of pork which contains 1.8 lbs. of nitrogen, .3 lb. of phosphorus 

 and .1 lb. of potash, what is the value of the fertility saved by feeding 

 the 10 bushels of corn and selling the 100 lbs. of pork? If nitrogen is 

 worth 18 cents per lb. and phosphorus and potassium are worth 6 

 cents per lb. 



CARE AND MANAGEMENT 



GENERAL 



Chores. — Farm boys are, as a rule, occupied a con- 

 siderable portion of the time, mornings and evenings*, car- 

 ing for the stock. As the profits derived from the live stock 

 depend to a great extent on the care they receive, it is 

 worth while to spend alittle time considering how the ''chores" 

 may be done more quickly, more easily and better. 



