176 ELEMENTS OF FARM PRACTICE 



Feeds Compared. — In comparing the grain feeds or 

 concentrates with the roughage, one will see that a pound 

 of grain usually contains more nutrients than a pound of 

 roughage. As a rule there is much unsalable roughage on 

 the farm, while grain is salable; hence there is a tendency to 

 feed more roughage and less grain. A reasonable amount 

 of roughage is desirable, but an animal that is working can- 

 not eat and digest enough of it to supply its needs. It 

 should have some grain. To feed only grain is not de- 

 sirable, as it is expensive and does not supply enough bulk. 

 A proper balance must be maintained. 

 Questions: 



1. What is a "balanced ration"? 



2. What is protein, and for what is it used in the animal body? 



3. What are carbohydrates, and for what are they used in the 

 animal body? 



4. What substances are known as fat, and for what are they 

 used in the animal body? 



5. What classes of feeds are called nitrogenous feeds? What 

 classes are non-nitrogenous? 



6. Why do animals need food? 

 Arithmetic: 



1. Bran, oil meal, and clover are feeds rich in protein. How- 

 much is each worth per pound when oil meal is worth $35.00 per ton, 

 bran $24.00 per ton, and clover hay $5.00 per ton? 



2. Corn, barley and timothy hay are feeds rich in carbohydrates. 

 How much is each worth per pound when corn is worth 54c. per bushel 

 (56 lbs.), barley 56c. per bushel (48 lbs.), and timothy hay $5.00 per ton? 



3. There is 7.1% of protein in clover hay. How many pounds of 

 protein in one ton? How much does the protein cost per pound, if 

 clover hay is worth $5.00 per ton? 



Exercises: 



1. Report in writing the number of acres of pasture provided on 

 some farm for each head of horses, colts, cows, young cattle, hogs, 

 sheep. 



2. Find out how many pounds of hay, corn, fodder, silage and 

 grain feed is required for one animal during the winter season, also for 

 one day for each of the kinds of animals mentioned above. 



3. Report the number of farms in the community that raise 

 alfalfa hay for feed and that have silos and use silage. 



