FARM MANAGEMENT 327 



3. It costs $9.50 per acre to grow a crop of mixed hay. How 

 much will it cost to grow 33}^ acres of mixed hay? 



4. It costs $13.07 per acre to grow a crop of wheat. How much 

 will it cost to grow 100 acress of wheat? 



5. Using the figures given in the preceding examples, how much 

 more does it cost to grow 100 acres of wheat than to crop 100 acres 

 in a rotation with }4 in corn, 3^ in oats and }4 in hay? 



PLANNING FARMS 



Farm and Farmer. — In the last few pages we have 

 learned something about the rotation of crops, its effects 

 on the soil, and how to tell whether or not a certain rota- 

 tion would be likely to keep the soil in good condition and 

 give good yields. Before we can plan a suitable rotation 

 for any particular farm we must know certain facts about 

 the farm and the farmer. 



Sketch of Farm. — We should have a rough sketch of 

 the farm in question, showing its shape and size, the loca- 

 tion of the farmstead (farmstead includes buildings, yards, 

 orchards, garden, drives and lawn), the size and shape of 

 the fields and pasture, the fences and lanes and the sloughs 

 and waste places. We should know also the kind of soil, 

 the location of the farm, the amount and yields of the 

 different crops grown, the markets, and the ability and 

 desires of the farmer. 



The Farmstead. — The location of the farmstead deter- 

 mines the distance each field will be from the base of opera- 

 tion, the distance live stock will have to go to pasture on 

 the different fields, the amount of lane necessary to reach 

 them, and whether or not they must be driven across a 

 pubhc road or a railway track. 



The size and shape of the fields will determine the size 

 and kinds of machines that may be used and the type of 

 farming to be done. If there are only a few small and 

 irregular fields, one cannot grow grain to advantage and 

 compete with farmers who have large, straight, level fields. 

 On the few small fields the farmer would need to grow 

 some crop he could care for to advantage with small ma- 

 chines, and he would also want to grow some crop that 

 would bring in considerable per acre. Five to ten acres 

 of grain or corn would not produce an income large enough 

 to support a family; but five or ten acres in small fruit or 



